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A delay-differential equation model of the feedback-controlled hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans


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ABSTRACT:

The present work develops and analyses a model system of delay-differential equations which describes the core dynamics of the stress-responsive hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. This neuroendocrine ensemble exhibits prominent pulsatile secretory patterns governed by nonlinear and time-delayed feedforward and feedback signal interchanges. Formulation and subsequent bifurcation analysis of the model provide a qualitative and mathematical frame work for a better understanding of the delayed responsive mechanisms as well as the dynamic variations in different pathological situations.

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A mathematical model of the regulation system of the secretion of glucocorticoids


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ABSTRACT: We propose a mathematical model for the regulation system of the secretion of glucocorticoids and determined the coefficients in the system of ordinary differential equations. Some results are calculated which agree with the experimental results.

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A model of gonadotropin regulation during the menstrual cycle in women: qualitative features


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Abstract: Increasing concerns that environmental contaminants may disrupt the endocrine system require development of mathematical tools to predict the potential for such compounds to significantly alter human endocrine function. The endocrine system is largely self-regulating, compensating for moderate changes in dietary phytoestrogens (e.g., in soy products) and normal variations in physiology. However, severe changes in dietary or oral exposures or in health status (e.g., anorexia) , can completely disrupt the menstrual cycle in women. Thus, risk assessment tools should account for normal regulation and its limits. We present a mathematical model for the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in women as a function of estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin blood levels. The model reproduces the time courses of LH and FSH during the menstrual cycle and correctly predicts observed effects of administered estrogen and progesterone on LH and FSH during clinical studies. The model should be useful for predicting effects of hormonally active substances, both in the pharmaceutical sciences and in toxicology and risk assessment.

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